10th ENGLISH
REFRESHER COURSE MODULE
3 . Gerunds and Infinitives
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
• Using grammar items in context such as reporting verbs, passive and tense, time and tense etc
TEACHER ACTIVITY: 1
The teacher explains Gerunds and its uses in sentences as follows.
GERUNDS:
A Gerund is a verbal noun that ends in -ing and functions as a noun.
Gerund functions as the subject of a sentence.
• Gerund functions as the direct object of a sentence.
* Gerund functions as the subject complement of a sentence.
* Gerund functions as the object of the preposition of a sentence.
The teacher asks the students to write about their hobbies. The students write their answers in their notebooks. The teacher asks the students to say their hobbies one by one.
Example:
Ravi Singing is my hobby.
Senthil : Writing stories is my hobby.
TEACHER ACTIVITY: 2
The teacher explains Infinitives and its uses in sentences as follows.
INFINITIVES
* The infinitive is often called as 'to verb?
* Infinitives function as a subject in a sentence.
* Infinitives function as a direct object in a sentence.
* Infinitives function as a subject complement in a sentence.
* Infinitives function as an adjective in a sentence.
* Infinitives function as an adverb in a sentence.
The teacher divides the blackboard into three sections. At the top of the first column, she writes the word 'to play. She writes 'to cook at the top of the second column and 'to eat' at the top of the third column. Then she divides the class into three teams and assigns one column to each team. She instructs the teams to write as many sentences as possible using their assigned infinitive. After a few minutes, the teacher invites a representative from each team to write his or her team's sentences on the board under the appropriate column. The teacher checks the sentences for the accurate usage of infinitives. Example: Mani likes to play for the team. I love to cook with my mom. Maaran likes to eat pizza.
STUDENT ACTIVITY: 1
The teacher shows some pictures and asks the students to write sentences using gerund. The
students look at them and write down the answers in their note books.
Example:
Mother finds joy in preparing food for her family.
Dr. Kalam improved his knowledge by reading books in his spare time.
The boy excelled at drawing pictures.
STUDENT ACTIVITY: 2
The teacher gives a list of time indicators to the students that allow them to say what they
want, like, intend, etc. to do at those times. For example, a student with the indicator twice a
week may say or write: Twice a week, I like to play football with my friends.
The teacher can guide the students with expressions as given below.
* I want to...
• I like to...
* I intend to...
*I prefer to...
Through the answers from the students, the teacher explains that infinitives may function as a direct object in a sentence.
The teacher asks the students to take their note books. The teacher writes the question 'What
is your ambition in life?' on the black board. The students write the answer and read. The
expected answer is 'My ambition is to become a doctor/engineer/lawyer/teacher'.
Through the sentences given by the students, the teacher explains how infinitive may function
as a subject complement in a sentence.
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ASSESSMENT:
I. Identify the sentences with gerund:
1. a. Don't forget coming to school early tomorrow.
b. Don't forget to come to school early tomorrow.
2. a. I don't mind to do the washing up.
b. I don't mind doing the washing up.
3. a. She loves to travel to other countries.
b. She loves travelling to other countries.
4. a. Please stop making noise. The baby is sleeping.
b. Please stop to make noise. The baby is sleeping.
5. a. My brother enjoys to exercise at the gym.
b. My brother enjoys exercising at the gym.
II. Fill in the blanks with gerunds:
1. My friend really enjoys reading books and magazines.
a) reads b) reading c) rcad d) has read
2. Getting enough sleep is very important for a healthy life.
a) gel b) gels c) gelting d) got
3. Children hate studying on weekends and holidays.
a) study b) studies c) studied d) studying
4. I think that learning a second language is fun.
a) learning b) learnt c) learn d) learns
5. Walking along the beach is a great way to relax.
a) walked b) walking c) walks d) walk
III. Choose the correct verb from the box and write the suitable form of gerunds:
Ski, watch, smoke, swim, clean
1. Smoking is injurious to health.
2. He is fond of swimming
3. She hates cleaning dirty dishes.
4. Last summer she went skiing in Switzerland.
5. Kavi loves watching TV, but she has no television.
IV. Fill in the blanks with infinitive forms of the verbs given in the brackets.
1. What would you like to study (study) in class?
2. What do your parents often tell you to do
(do)?
3. Is English difficult or easy to learn (learn)?
4. When do you expect to get (get) a job?
5. I have come to see ( see ) you.
V. Combine together the following pairs of sentences by using infinitives:
1. Hema went to England. She wanted to learn English.
Hema went England to learn English.
2. Every cricket team has a captain. He leads other players.
Every cricket team has a captain to lead other players.
3. Jahir went to Agra. He wanted to visit the Taj Mahal.
Jahir went Agra to visit Tajmahal.
4. She visits the poor. She is anxious to relieve them of their sufferings.
She visits the poor to relieve them of their sufferings.
5. Ravi purchased a gift. He wished to present it to his friend.
Ravi purchased a gift to present his friend
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Answers for the fresher course prepared by ,
Mrs.S.R. AKILAMARY , BT.ASST ,
GOVT.ADW.HSS.ELAMANUR , MADURAI.
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